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Demographic Geography
Geographical Location
Beijing Municipality covers an area of 16,410.54 square kilometres (sq.km). Nestled on the north of the North China Plain, it border Tianjin Municipality on the east and Hebei Province in all other directions. The Western Hills, west of Beijing, are branches of the Taihang Mountains while the Jundu Mountain, north of the city, is a part of the Yanshan Mountains. They intersect at Beijing's Guangou Valley, shaping a giant semi-circle curve opening to the southeast. This curve is called "Beijing Bay." All these tell us why Beijing has been acclaimed as a land of peace and prosperity since ancient times.
Topographic Features
Beijing has a higher northwest part and a lower southeast part. It is surrounded by mountains to its west, north and northeast. To its southeast, the North China Plain gradually descends towards the Bohai Sea. Mountain areas occupy about 62 percent of the municipality's total area. The Dongling Mountain, 2,303 metres above sea level, is Beijing's highest mountain. Five major waterways from west to east flow through the municipality: the Juma, Yongding, Beiyun, Chaobai and Jiyun rivers.
Climate
The capital has a temperate, continental monsoonal climate, characterised by short spring and autumns, hot and rainy summers, and cold and dry winters. Its average annual temperature is 11 to 14 degrees Celsius. Around 75 percent of its annual precipitation occurs in summer, with the heaviest rainfall in July and August.
Time Zone
Beijing is located in Greenwich Mean Time Zone 8(GMT+8). It is eight hours earlier than London (GMT+0). The whole of China adopts "Beijing time" as its standard time.
Population
According to the 7th National Population Census, the population of Beijing reached 21,893,095 in 2020, accounting for 1.55 percent of China's total population, up 0.09 percent from 2010.
In terms of the ratio of males to females, males in Beijing accounted for 51.14 percent, and females 48.86 percent, which is in line with the national average.
Regarding the age structure, people aged 0-14, 15-59, and above 60 accounted for 11.84, 68.53, and 19.63 percent respectively of the overall population in Beijing.
Economy
Economic growth
Based on preliminary accounting, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Beijing
hit RMB 4,026.96 billion in 2021, up by 8.5% over the previous year at constant price. Of which
the added value of the Primary Industry was RMB 11.13 billion with a growth of 2.7%, that of the
Secondary Industry was RMB 726.86 billion with a growth of 23.2% and that of the Tertiary Industry
was RMB 3,288.96 billion with a growth of 5.7%. The ratio of the Primary Industry, the Secondary
Industry and the Tertiary Industry was 0.3:18.0:81.7. Calculated by permanent population, the per capita GDP of Beijing totaled RMB 184 thousands.
Financial Revenue and Expenditure
In 2021, the general public budgetary revenue amounted to
RMB 593.23 billion, up by 8.1% over the previous year. Of which, value-added tax amounted to
RMB 174.29 billion, up by 5.4%; the corporate income tax amounted to RMB 139.51 billion, up by
18.0%; and the individual income tax reached RMB 74.33 billion, up by 21.5%. The general public
budgetary expenditures of Beijing totaled RMB 720.51 billion, up by 1.2%.
